Human Rights Agency claims over 5,000 killed in Iran protest crackdown

Kalinga TV – A US-based human rights organization says more than 5,000 people have been killed during the recent wave of protests in Iran, warning that the true death toll is likely far higher due to a prolonged internet shutdown that has hindered documentation efforts.

According to the sources, the Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) said on Friday that it had confirmed the deaths of 5,002 people since protests erupted across the country. According to the group, 4,714 of those killed were protesters, including 42 minors. The toll also includes 207 members of the security forces and 39 bystanders. HRANA said it is still investigating nearly 9,800 additional possible fatalities.

The group also reported that at least 26,852 people have been arrested in connection with the demonstrations.

Iranian authorities released their first official casualty figures earlier this week, stating that 3,117 people were killed. The country’s foundation for martyrs and veterans claimed that 2,427 of the dead were “martyrs,” a term it uses for security personnel and civilians.
HRANA said the government’s figures were an attempt to reinforce its official narrative surrounding the protests and the resulting violence.
Another rights group, Norway-based Iran Human Rights (IHR), said it has documented at least 3,428 protesters killed by security forces and warned that the final death toll could reach as high as 25,000.

The nationwide internet blackout, now in its second week, remains largely in place. Monitoring group Netblocks reported limited connectivity, noting that while some messaging apps and VPN access have partially returned, international internet traffic remains heavily restricted.

Iran Rejects US Claims on Executions

Meanwhile, Iran has denied claims by US President Donald Trump that American pressure halted the execution of hundreds of protesters. The White House said on January 15 that 800 executions scheduled for the previous day had been stopped following US intervention.

Iran’s prosecutor general, Mohammad Movahedi-Azad, rejected the assertion, calling it “completely false” and saying no such executions had been planned.

While no executions of protesters have been officially confirmed, rights groups warn that many detainees face charges that carry the death penalty.

Iran is the world’s second-largest executioner after China, according to human rights organizations. IHR estimates that at least 1,500 people were executed in Iran last year. During the major protest movement between 2022 and 2023, at least 12 protesters were executed.

Since the outbreak of war with Israel in June, Iran has also executed 12 individuals on charges of espionage for Israel, according to IHR.

Rights groups say executions for other crimes, including drug-related offenses and murder, have continued during the protests. HRANA reported that at least 14 prisoners were executed this week alone, though the internet shutdown has made it difficult to confirm details, as many executions are not publicly announced.

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Bombshell claim: Khamenei is hiding in an underground bunker

Haberler – Protests that began due to economic issues in Iran continue on their 28th day, with the number of those killed in the demonstrations reported to be 5,137. Following Iranian leader Khamenei’s assessment that the risk of a U.S. attack has increased, it is claimed that he has moved to a special underground shelter in Tehran, described as a fortified area with interconnected tunnels.

The US-based Iranian Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) announced that the number of people who lost their lives in protests that began due to economic issues in Iran has risen to 5,137.

According to HRANA’s report, 27,797 people have been detained as a result of incidents in many parts of the country. In the events that occurred during the protests, 5,137 people, including 208 security personnel, lost their lives. HRANA had reported yesterday that the death toll had risen to 5,002.

 

CLAIM THAT WILL CREATE AGENDA REGARDING HAMANEY

As the protests in Iran continue on their 28th day, a claim regarding religious leader Ali Hamaney has made significant waves.

 

SOURCES CLOSE TO THE GOVERNMENT CONFIRMED

After Hamaney assessed that the risk of a possible US attack had increased, he moved to a special underground shelter in Tehran. This information was conveyed to Iran International by two sources close to the government. The facility was described as a fortified area with interconnected tunnels.

 

DAILY MANAGEMENT TAKEN OVER BY HIS SON

Sources stated that the religious leader’s third son, Mesud Hamenei, has taken over the daily management of the leader’s office and serves as the main channel of communication with the government’s executive bodies.

 

PROTESTS IN IRAN

Protests that began on December 28, 2025, led by shopkeepers in the Grand Bazaar of Tehran due to the rapid depreciation of the local currency against foreign currencies and the deepening economic troubles have spread across the country. During the intensified protests in the capital Tehran on January 8, the government had blocked internet access due to the incidents that occurred.

In a statement made yesterday by the Forensic Medicine Institution of the Iranian Martyrs and Veterans Foundation, it was reported that 3,117 people, including security forces and civilians, lost their lives during the incidents that occurred during the protests. It was stated that 2,427 of these individuals were security forces and civilian citizens killed by “armed terrorist groups,” while no information was provided about 690 people. Although protests in Iran have decreased, HRANA, based in Virginia, USA, continues to update the death and detention counts, claiming to have verified more cases.

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How Iran Crushed a Citizen Uprising With Lethal Force

New York Times – In Tehran, the capital of Iran, security forces opened fire at protesters from the roof of a police station. In Karaj, they fired live rounds into a march, shooting one person in the head. In Isfahan, young men barricaded themselves in an alley as gunfire and explosions rang out.

Scattered protests had percolated since late December, starting with a strike in Tehran’s bazaar and fueled by a plunging economy. But by early January, Iranians had revolted en masse, and the security forces began to crack down with deadly force.

It was not just the protests unnerving the regime. President Trump encouraged the demonstrators and threatened military intervention. In many places, riots flared in parallel with peaceful protests; government buildings, commercial properties, mosques and police stations were set on fire.

On Friday, Jan. 9, Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, ordered the Supreme National Security Council, the body tasked with safeguarding the country, to crush the protests by any means necessary, according to two Iranian officials briefed on the ayatollah’s directive. Security forces were deployed with orders to shoot to kill and to show no mercy, the officials said. The death toll surged.

Despite Iran’s shutting down the internet and disrupting phone service, some Iranians managed to evade restrictions to share witness accounts and hundreds of videos, many of which The New York Times was able to collect and authenticate.

The Times has verified videos of security forces’ opening fire on protesters in at least 19 cities and in at least six different neighborhoods in Tehran in early January.

These videos show the breadth and ferocity of the regime’s crackdown. So do the testimonies of doctors and a nurse working in hospitals in Iran, and photographs shared by a witness and authenticated by The Times of hundreds of victims taken to a Tehran morgue.

The Times also interviewed two dozen Iranians in Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Rasht and Ahvaz who had attended protests, as well as relatives of people killed. Protesters, residents and medical staff interviewed for this article all asked that their names or full names not be published for fear of retribution.

By Monday, Jan. 12, the protests had largely been crushed.

As more information emerges from Iran, the death toll has hit at least 5,200 people, including 56 children, according to the Washington-based Human Rights Activists News Agency. Iran Human Rights, a Norway-based group that also monitors the situation in Iran, has confirmed at least 3,400 killed. Both organizations say that the numbers could prove two or three times as large as verification continues.

Iran’s National Security Council said in a statement that 3,117 people had been killed, among them 427 of its security forces. Officials, including Ayatollah Khamenei, have blamed terrorist cells tied to Israel and the United States for the uprising and killings.

“This is not merely a violent protest crackdown,” said Raha Bahreini, a lawyer and an Iran researcher at Amnesty International. “It is a state-orchestrated massacre.”

 

Crackdown

On Jan. 8, Nasim Pouraghayee, 45, a mother of two, and her husband, Ali, marched with large crowds in the Sadeghiyeh neighborhood in Tehran. She called her mother to say the atmosphere was boisterous and the turnout huge.

Abruptly, things turned deadly.

Her husband was walking behind her, hands wrapped around her shoulders to protect her, according to a cousin of Ms. Pouraghayee’s who, in an interview, recounted the events of the night as described by Ali. A bullet hit Ms. Pouraghayee in the neck; she fell to the ground and began vomiting blood, the cousin said.

“Nasim, Nasim, Nasim!” her husband screamed, holding her face. But she was unresponsive. “Help, help,” he pleaded to other protesters fleeing the chaos, but nobody came forward. He felt his wife’s body getting cold as he picked her up, the cousin said, and walked for an hour and a half to reach their car. When they reached the hospital, she was pronounced dead.

A video verified by The Times captured the sound of live fire being directed at protesters in Sadeghiyeh. The protesters turn, flee and scream as gunshots are heard.

About 40 verified videos show gunmen and security forces cracking down on demonstrations. Across the footage, they are seen riding in pairs on motorbikes and using a variety of weapons, including firearms, batons and tear gas. In a video filmed in Haft Howz Square in Tehran, men and women flee amid the sound of gunfire. Some protesters clearly have leg wounds and leave trails of blood along a sidewalk as they limp away, a video verified by The Times showed. On the street, some can also be seen carrying people unable to walk.

Mohammad, 40, a shop owner, said he and his younger brother were among the demonstrators in Tehran Pars, a middle-class neighborhood in eastern Tehran, on Friday, Jan. 9, when they heard the rat-tat-tat of gunfire. “I saw two young men who were running away collapse; they were shot from the back,” Mohammad said.

Security forces fired on protesters from the rooftop of a police station in Tehran Pars for more than six minutes, one video shows. The video shows the muzzle blasts of several rifles and picks up the sound of hundreds of gunshots and what appears to be automatic fire. A group of protesters run away along an adjacent street. Minutes later, a person is dragged inside the courtyard of the police station.

Another video filmed farther along the same street — and in the direction the security forces were firing — shows protesters sheltering from incoming gunfire. “Put your phone down, they’ll shoot your hand off,” one person says. “There’s a sniper among them.”

The sound of bullets striking nearby can be heard amid chants of “Death to Khamenei.”

A video that The Times confirmed was filmed at the nearby Tehran Pars Hospital showed several body bags lined up on the ground outside an emergency room entrance as people could be heard wailing.

A husband and wife had a violent encounter with members of the Basij militia, a plainclothes security force, on motorcycles in Karim Khan in central Tehran. The wife, 50, who is a designer, said in an interview that the men shot indiscriminately into the air and at people, and screamed, “Get back inside.”

The husband was shot in his lower back with a pellet bullet. The wife said a member of the Basij found her hiding behind an electric pole, stood near her and pointed a gun to her forehead, several millimeters away from her eye. He threatened to kill her but had run out bullets, she said.

A series of videos verified by The Times from Jan. 8 in Fardis, a suburb of Karaj, showed hundreds of people marching, then fleeing when a tear-gas canister is fired in their direction. Gunshots ring out. Another video, filmed near a police station in Fardis, shows a protester who appears to have been shot in the head. More than two dozen gunshots are heard as screaming protesters take cover. In the last video, the lifeless bodies of seven people sprawl on the ground.

In Mashhad, a conservative city in the northeast, huge crowds gathered on Jan. 8 chanting slogans against the government, a video verified by The Times showed. Later that night, a group of protesters were walking down a road about a mile away from where the crowds had been when security forces on motorcycles rode up to them. Some of the officers dismounted and beat demonstrators with batons, while others fanned out, pointing firearms down the street as gunshots rang out nearby.

In another video filmed at a protest in Mashhad and verified by The Times, a person is seen lying on the ground as others run to help.

“Look, they shot a girl,” the person recording the video said. “They are using weapons of war.”

 

Hospitals

Across the country, hospitals swamped by thousands of injured protesters were unprepared for the scale of the gunshot wounds they were seeing, according to interviews and text messages with eight doctors and one nurse in Iran.

Gun violence is rare in Iran, and private citizens are not allowed to own weapons. The doctors and the nurse sharing their experiences in Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan and Zanjan described scenes of chaos: medical staff frantically trying to save lives, white uniforms drenched in blood. They said patients lay on benches and chairs, and even on bare floors, in the overcrowded emergency rooms.

They said hospitals were short of blood and searching for trauma and vascular surgeons. The internet shutdown prevented medical staff from checking patients’ names and medical histories, they said.

A nurse at Nikan Hospital in Tehran said in an interview that the hospital resembled a war zone. A doctor at Shohada Tajrish Hospital in north Tehran, a sprawling government medical facility, said that, on average, medical staff saw about 70 protesters with gunshot wounds per hour on the two days of peak violence, Jan. 9 and 10. Many patients were dead on arrival or shortly afterward, he said.

In an audio message shared with The Times, a doctor in Mashhad called the situation at his hospital “terrifying.” In addition to a staggering number of injured protesters, he said, security forces showed up demanding access to patients to arrest them. He said a team of physicians had set up an ad hoc triage unit at a villa outside of the city, where they treated patients too afraid to go to hospitals.

An anesthesiologist at a hospital in the Sattar Khan neighborhood of Tehran said in a text message shared with The Times that in just one night, his hospital had seen 300 injured protesters. A text message from a doctor at a university hospital in Zanjan shared with The Times said most victims were shot in the upper torso, head and neck, and that the hospital had recorded about 200 killed.

The Times received photos and videos from inside hospitals that are too gruesome to show. Other very graphic images were posted online by an account with a record of publishing images later found to be authentic. They showed bloody, lifeless bodies inside hospitals said to be in Tehran. Some victims appeared to have been shot in the head. The Times was unable to independently authenticate the images from inside hospitals.

Farabi Eye Hospital in Tehran, a national hub for ophthalmology, registered about 500 cases of eye injury from pellet bullets on Jan. 8 and several hundred eye injuries with live bullets on the following two nights, a surgeon said in a text message. He was in the operating room for three nights straight and said he wished for death when he had to empty both eye sockets of a 13-year-old.

A doctor in Isfahan said in a text message that they had seen “young people whose brains were smashed with live bullets, and a mom who was shot in the neck, her two small children were crying in the car, a child whose bladder, hip and rectum was crushed with a bullet.”

“What I witnessed will forever haunt me,” the doctor added. “I feel guilty that I’m alive.”

Photos, videos and text conversations shared with The Times by Dr. Kayvan Mirhadi, an Iranian American doctor in Rochester, N.Y., who has been in regular contact with medical teams and hospitals in Iran, showed dozens of apparent gunshot and pellet wounds to the torso, limbs, head and eyes.

“They are essentially executing people on the streets,” Dr. Mirhadi said. “Starting Thursday, the reports of injuries I was receiving changed significantly. It went from brute force, fractures and tear gas to skull fractures and gunshot wounds.”

Some images shared by Dr. Mirhadi were sent by people asking how to treat their own wounds or those of relatives. One person asked about a bullet wound in his brother’s leg. Another sent a photo of an eye, with blood pouring out of a gash just above it.

The Times sent a representative sample of 17 images to experts from the Independent Forensic Expert Group coordinated by the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims, who determined that the injuries appeared to have been caused by buckshot or birdshot fired at close range.

HRANA, the rights agency in Washington, documented a significant number of injuries from pellet gunfire during recent protests, including shots into the eyeball. It said 7,402 people had serious injuries.

A video obtained by the London-based Persian-language news channel Iran International and verified by The Times shows bodies in the courtyard of Alghadir Hospital, less than a mile from where protesters were fired upon and injured in Haft Howz Square. Some of the bodies are covered and tied in plastic bags; others are wrapped in blankets.

A woman crouches over the body of a man wrapped in a blanket whose eyes remain closed. She weeps and speaks to him.

 

The Morgue

Bodies shrouded in black plastic bags covered every space and surface. Stacked in refrigerators. Placed on the floor inside. Scattered, row after row, on the ground in the parking lot and courtyard.

Tehran’s main morgue, Kahrizak Forensic Center, was overflowing in the immediate aftermath of the killing spree.

The number of bodies overwhelmed the capacity of the morgue, a government official admitted on state television, blaming the killings on terrorist cells.

But the handling and processing of bodies was also disorderly, according to videos and a person who visited the morgue. Families searching for loved ones were taken to a hall where a television screen flashed the faces of the dead, each with a number assigned to it. There were several photos of some victims because the severity of their injuries required multiple angles to identify them, according to the visitor to the morgue.

Sometimes families would ask the morgue staff to pause, rewind and zoom in, the visitor said. Others would immediately recognize a loved one and collapse. People screamed, wailed and hit their faces and bodies in shock and grief.

Multiple images and videos verified by The Times showed hundreds of bodies laid out at the Kahrizak morgue within days of the protests erupting on Jan. 8. Outside the center, men unzipped black body bags as they searched for missing relatives. Others tearfully embraced as they discovered bodies. Inside a large hall where dozens more were laid out, women wailed.

One 16-minute video filmed outside the center showed close to 300 victims laid out on sidewalks and asphalt.

“It’s a line. A line of people, so they can pick up their deceased,” the person filming said. “The young people. Their apple of their eyes.”

Staff in white lab coats unzipped body bags and examined victims’ wounds. One staff member identified a wound at the back of one victim’s head, blood trailing from it, and jotted details in a notebook. Another documented apparent bullet wounds on the torso of a bloodied victim.

As the camera moved through the crowd, people could be seen going from body to body searching for a loved one. Men embraced tearfully over the body of someone they identified.

In one heartbreaking video, a father sobbed as he searched inside the center for his son, Sepehr Shokri, 19, a boxer. “Sepehr, my son, where are you?” he cried. “Damn Khamenei, this is his crime. Sepehr, Baba, where are you?”

The Times obtained photographs of over 300 bodies taken to Kahrizak. The photographs showed the faces of the dead, the top of their black body bags unzipped, with white identity cards on their chests.

Dozens were marked as “unknown man,” “unknown woman,” “unknown child.” Over 190 were marked only by numbers. The Times identified 29 legible names, among them Mohammad Erfan Faraji, 18, who an Iranian rights organization reported was shot during protests in Shahr Rey, a suburb of Tehran about 10 miles from the morgue where his body was photographed.

The Times could not make a conclusive assessment of injuries based on the images. But a majority of the bodies showed severe head trauma, large gashes and collapsed eye sockets. Some were severely disfigured. Several still had tubes in their mouths and EKG pads on their chests, indicating the bodies had been transported from a hospital.

Dr. Nizam Peerwani, a forensic adviser for Physicians for Human Rights who analyzed the images for The Times, said the evidence suggested multiple victims had been “brutally bludgeoned or beaten up at the scene or in detention.”

When one woman recognized her husband on the screen and dropped to the floor, another woman approached her, said the person who was at the morgue. She told her, “Get up, get up my dear, you have work to do.”

 

Funerals

Across Iran, funerals are taking place. Parents are burying children. Children are burying parents. Siblings, friends, neighbors, colleagues, classmates and teammates are attending burial processions.

As the faces and stories of the victims surface, recounted by relatives or friends and posted on social media, so does the story of the uprising. The protesters killed represent a broad swath of Iran, ethnically, economically and socially.

Many were very young. Teenagers and people in their early twenties took to the streets with dreams of a better life, of a prosperous future and of freedom, their families say.

A 21-year-old basketball star who played for a national team; a 17-year-old Kurdish soccer player with a national youth club; a 15-year-old swimming champion; a 19-year-old college student majoring in Italian; a 26-year-old English teacher.

The death on Jan. 8 of Sina Ashkbousi, 17, was described by his aunt in an audio message posted on the Instagram page of lawyers in Iran who represent human rights cases. “Sina was killed with a direct bullet in his heart in Tehran Pars,” she said. “He was very smart, a dreamer. He was after freedom and was very kind.”

Funerals have turned into protests, with thousands of attendees holding pictures of victims and chanting “Death to Khamenei,” videos verified by The Times show.

Footage showed huge crowds at a funeral for three people killed in Malekshahi, a rural area in the province of Ilam, on Jan. 4. A week later, videos circulating on social media appeared to show huge crowds not far away, in Abdanan, another city in Ilam, for the funeral of Alireza Saidi, 16, who was said to have been killed in Tehran during protests that week.

At these funerals and that of Ahmad Khosravani, the basketball star, the crowd departed from the traditional mourning rituals of crying and reciting the Quran.

Instead they clapped, cheered and chanted in unison, saying, “This fallen flower is a gift to the nation.”

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Iran rejects UN rights resolution condemning protest killings

 Al Jazeera – The Iranian state has rejected a resolution by the United Nations’ Human Rights Council that strongly condemned the “violent crackdown on peaceful protests” by security forces that left thousands dead.

After a detailed meeting and discussions in Geneva on Friday, 25 members of the council, including France, Japan and South Korea, voted in favour of the censure resolution.

Seven votes against, including from China, India and Pakistan, as well as 14 abstentions, among others from Qatar and South Africa, failed to stop the resolution.

The human rights council called on Iran to stop the arrests of people in connection with the protests, and to take steps to “prevent extrajudicial killing, other forms of arbitrary deprivation of life, enforced disappearance, sexual and gender-based violence” and other actions violating its human rights obligations.

Iran said that the Western-led sponsors of the emergency meeting on Friday had never genuinely cared for human rights in Iran, or else they would not have imposed sanctions that have devastated the Iranian population over the past decade.

Ali Bahreini, Iran’s envoy in the meeting, reiterated the state’s claim that 3,117 people were killed during the unrest, 2,427 of whom were killed by “terrorists” armed and funded by the United States, Israel and their allies.

“It was ironic that states whose history was stained with genocide and war crimes now attempted to lecture Iran on social governance and human rights,” he said.

The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) says it has confirmed at least 5,137 deaths during the protests, and is investigating 12,904 others.

UN special rapporteur on Iran, Mai Sato, has said the death toll could reach 20,000 or more as reports from doctors from inside Iran emerge. Al Jazeera has been unable to independently verify the figures.

UN human rights chief Volker Turk told the council that “the brutality in Iran continued, creating conditions for further human rights violations, instability and bloodshed” weeks after the killings on January 8 and January 9, when a communications blackout was also enforced.

Turk pointed out that executions for murder, drug-related and other charges continue across Iran, with the state executing at least 1,500 people in 2025, marking an enormous 50 percent increase compared with the year before.

Payam Akhavan, a professor and former UN prosecutor of Iranian-Canadian nationality who was at Friday’s meeting as a civil society representative, called the killings “the worst mass-murder in the contemporary history of Iran”.

He said as a prosecutor at the International Criminal Tribunal in the Hague, he had helped draft the indictment for the Srebrenica genocide in which some 8,000 Bosniaks were killed in July 1995.

“By comparison, at least twice that number had been killed in Iran in half the time. This was an extermination,” he said.

The adopted UN council resolution also extended the mandate of the special rapporteur for another year, while adding two more years to the mandate of the independent fact-finding mission that was formed to investigate killings and rights abuses during Iran’s nationwide protests in 2022 and 2023.

 

More videos emerge despite internet blackout

Meanwhile, the internet blackout continues to be enforced amid growing frustration and anger from the public and businesses alike.

Global internet observatory Netblocks reported that international internet remained effectively blocked on Saturday despite brief moments of connectivity.

Some users have been able to overcome the digital blackout over recent days for short periods of time using a variety of proxies and virtual private networks (VPNs).

The limited number of users who have managed to get online, whether by using a combination of circumvention tools or leaving the country’s borders, continue to upload horrifying footage of killings during the protests.

International human rights bodies like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have attested that many of the reviewed videos show state forces firing live ammunition at protesters, including from heavy machineguns.

The state rejects all such accounts, claiming that security forces only fired at “terrorists” and “rioters” who attacked government offices and burned public property.

 

Threat of war looms

The back and forth over one of Iran’s bloodiest chapters since its 1979 revolution continues as the threat of war looms large over the embattled 90-million-strong nation once again.

US President Donald Trump has repeatedly threatened to intervene in Iran if it kills protesters. Washington is moving the USS Abraham Lincoln supercarrier, along with its strike group of supporting vessels, towards the Middle East in a move that has raised fears of more US strikes on Iran in the aftermath of the 12-day war with Israel in June.

More US military aircraft, including fighter jets, have also been deployed to the region despite interventions from regional powers in an attempt to prevent an escalation.

Top Iranian authorities continue to send defiant messages to US President Donald Trump amid the rapid military buildup.

“He [Trump] certainly says many things,” Majid Mousavi, the new aerospace chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), told state television on Saturday. “He can be certain that we will respond to him in the field of battle”.

“He can say better things even if he is trying to escape the wishes of others who want to impose things on him,” said Ali Shamkhani, a top security official and representative of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in the newly formed Supreme Defence Council.

One of Iran’s top judicial authorities also shot back at Trump after the US president last week called for the end of Khamenei’s 37-year-rule in the country.

“These acts of insolence and audacity are, in our view, tantamount to a declaration of all-out war, and based on this approach, in the event of any aggression, US interests around the world will be exposed to threat by supporters of the Islamic Republic of Iran,” said Mohammad Movahedi, the hardline cleric who heads the prosecutor general’s authority.

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Scale of Iran’s nationwide protests and bloody crackdown comes into focus

ABC News – The bloodiest crackdown on dissent since Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution is slowly coming into focus, despite authorities cutting off the Islamic Republic from the internet and much of the wider world.

Cities and towns smell of smoke as fire-damaged mosques and government offices line streets. Banks have been torched, their ATMs smashed. Officials estimate the damage to be at least $125 million, according to an Associated Press tally of reports by the state-run IRNA news agency from over 20 cities.

The number of dead demonstrators reported by activists continues to swell. Activists warn it shows Iran engaging in the same tactics it has used for decades, but at an unprecedented scale — firing from rooftops on demonstrators, shooting birdshot into crowds and sending motorcycle-riding paramilitary Revolutionary Guard volunteers in to beat and detain those who can’t escape.

“The vast majority of protesters were peaceful. The video footage shows crowds of people — including children and families — chanting, dancing around bonfires, marching on their streets,” said Raha Bahreini, of Amnesty International. “The authorities have opened fire unlawfully.”

The killing of peaceful protesters — as well as the threat of mass executions — have been a red line for military action for U.S. President Donald Trump. An American aircraft carrier and warships are approaching the Mideast, possibly allowing Trump to launch another attack on Iran after bombing its nuclear enrichment sites last year. That risks igniting a new Mideast war.

Iran’s mission to the United Nations did not respond to detailed questions from the AP regarding the suppression of the demonstrations.

The demonstrations began Dec. 28 at Tehran’s historic Grand Bazaar, initially over the collapse of Iran’s currency, the rial, then spread across the country.

Tensions exploded on Jan. 8, with demonstrations called for by Iran’s exiled crown prince, Reza Pahlavi. Witnesses in Tehran told the AP before authorities cut internet and phone communication that they saw tens of thousands of demonstrators on the streets.

As communications failed, gunfire echoed through Tehran.

“Many witnesses said they had never seen such a large number of protesters on the streets,” said Bahar Saba of Human Rights Watch. “Iranian authorities have repeatedly shown they have no answers other than bullets and brutal repression to people taking to the streets.”

Ali Akbar Pourjamshidian, a deputy interior minister speaking on state TV Wednesday, acknowledged the violence began in earnest on Jan. 8.

“More than 400 cities were involved,” he said.

By Jan. 9, Revolutionary Guard Gen. Hossein Yekta, previously identified as leading plainclothes units of the force, went on Iranian state TV and warned “mothers and fathers” to keep their children home.

“Tonight you all must be vigilant. Tonight is the night for keeping mosques, all bases everywhere filled with ‘Hezbollahi,’” Yekta said, using a word for “followers of God” that carries the connotation of fervent supporters of Iran’s theocracy.

Already weakened by the 12-day war Israel launched against Iran in June, the authorities decided to fully employ violence to end the demonstrations, experts said.

“I think the regime viewed it as this was a moment of existential threat and that they could either allow it to play out and allow the protests to build and allow foreign powers to increase their rhetoric and increase their demands on Iran,” said Afshon Ostovar, an expert on the Revolutionary Guard and professor at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterrey, California.

“Or they could turn out the lights, kill as many people as necessary 
 and hope they could get away with it. And I think that’s what they ultimately did.”

In Iran, one of the main ways its theocracy can squash demonstrations is through the Basij, the Guard’s volunteer arm.

Mosques in Iran include facilities for the Basij. Guard Gen. Heydar Baba Ahmadi was quoted by the semiofficial Mehr news agency in 2024 as estimating “79% of Basij resistance bases are located in mosques and 5% in other holy places.”

Iranian state media repeatedly has aired images of mosques damaged in the protests without exploring their links to the Basij.

“Most neighborhood Basij bases are co-located with mosques and most neighborhood Basij leaders are associated with the mosque leadership,” Ostovar said, adding that demonstrators “going after regime targets” associated with repression would have considered them “a legitimate part of it.”

Videos show Basij holding long guns, batons and pellet guns. Anti-riot police can be seen wearing helmets and body armor, carrying assault rifles and submachine guns.

The videos show police firing shotguns into crowds, something authorities deny despite corpses showing wounds consistent with metal birdshot. Scores have reportedly suffered blinding eye wounds from birdshot — something seen in the protests around the 2022 death of Mahsa Amini.

Iran’s semiofficial ILNA news agency reported that Tehran’s Farabi Eye Hospital, the premiere clinic for eye injuries, called in “all current and retired doctors” to help those injured.

We “received accounts that the security forces were just firing relentlessly at protesters,” said Bahreini of Amnesty International.

“They’re not just targeting one or two people to create a climate of terror for people to disperse 
 but just relentlessly firing at thousands of protesters and chasing after them, even as they were fleeing so that more people were just collapsing to the ground with severe gunshot wounds.”

For two weeks, Iran offered no overall casualty figures. Then on Wednesday, the government said 3,117 people were killed, including 2,427 civilians and security forces. That left another 690 dead that Pourjamshidian identified as “terrorists.”

That conflicts with figures from the U.S.-based Human Rights Activists News Agency, which put the death toll on Saturday at 5,137, based on activists inside Iran verifying fatalities against public records and witness statements. It said 4,834 were demonstrators, 208 were government-affiliated personnel, 54 were children and 41 were civilians not participating in protests.

Death tolls in Iran have long been inflated or deflated for political reasons. But the fact that Iran’s theocracy offered any death toll — and gave a number beyond any other political unrest to strike the country in the modern era — underlines the scale of what happened.

It also provides a justification for the ongoing mass arrest campaign and internet shutdown. State media report dozens to hundreds of people detained daily.

Pourjamshidian also gave an extensive list of vandalism from the protests and crackdown, including 750 banks, 414 government buildings, 600 ATMs and hundreds of vehicles that sustained damage.

Meanwhile, uncertainty looms for Iran’s theocracy over what Trump may or may not do.

Traditionally, Iranians hold memorial services for their late loved ones 40 days after their deaths — meaning the country could see renewed demonstrations around Feb. 17. Online videos from Behesht-e Zahra, the massive cemetery on the outskirts of Tehran, show mourners chanting: “Death to Khamenei!”

Satellite photos from Planet Labs PBC analyzed by the AP show large numbers of cars daily at Behesht-e Zahra’s southern reaches, where those killed in the demonstrations are being buried.

Elaheh Mohammadi, a journalist at Tehran’s pro-reform newspaper Ham Mihan, recently noted it had been shut by authorities. She said journalists were working on stories about Behesht-e Zahra they weren’t able to publish.

“We send out a message to let people know we’re still alive,” Mohammadi wrote online. “The city smells of death.”

“Hard days have passed and everyone is stunned; a whole country is in mourning, a whole country is holding back tears, a whole country has a lump in its throat.”

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Protests in Iran: Official casualty figures in doubt

Deutsche Welle – The internet in Iran has been largely shut down since January 8. There is no planned date for a complete restoration of the connection, Deputy Interior Minister Ali Akbar Pourjamshidian said on state television on Wednesday,

He is also secretary of the National Security Council, which has accused “arch enemies” Israel and the United States of numerous “acts of terrorism” committed across the country on the nights of January 8 and 9. This was a continuation of the “imposed war” of June 2025, the council claimed.

The official death toll from the mass protests that began in late December was also released on Wednesday. According to these figures, 3,117 people have been killed. Of these, 2,427 were “innocent people and guardians of order and security” who were deemed martyrs.

 

Pressuring families

Relatives of demonstrators who have been killed report that the authorities exerted massive pressure on them before releasing their bodies. The bereaved were required to sign a statement calling the dead voluntary members of the Basij militia. The Basij is under the command of the Revolutionary Guard and instrumental in the suppression of the protests.

Those who refuse to sign this statement have to pay a large sum of “bullet money,” as one source named Farazaneh told DW. She learned from her relatives by telephone that her nephew had been killed on January 8. His parents refused to sign the statement, and in response officials demanded money for the release of the body.

Human rights organizations believe that the actual number of victims is significantly higher than the what officials have named so far. In a report dated January 22, Norway-based Iran Human Rights estimates that there have been more than 25,000 deaths. The organization has documented 3,428 cases so far.

“Our statistics are based on the documentation standards of human rights organizations. They must either be confirmed by two independent sources, or our organization must have direct access to a very reliable source,” director Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam told DW. “Some of these statistics include direct reports from victims as well as information from the medical field and reliable sources known to us.”

The communication blackout is making human rights work considerably more difficult. Currently, Iranians can only contact the outside world via landlines with very high fees. But it remains impossible to contact people from the outside.

HRANA, the US-based news agency for Human Rights Activists in Iran, reported 4,519 confirmed deaths at the beginning of the week, with more than 9,000 additional cases still under investigation.

 

Injuries going unreported

These cases do not include numerous demonstrators who were injured by live ammunition. Fearing repression, many are reportedly avoiding medical facilities.

Iranian doctors abroad report conversations with colleagues in Iran who say that hospitals in many cities are seeing a dramatic increase in gunshot wounds, especially to the eyes.

Amir Mobarez Parasta, an Iranian-German eye surgeon and head of an eye center in Munich, told DW that he had learned that around 7,000 serious eye injuries had been recorded in a specialized eye hospital in Tehran alone by January 16.

Parasta, who treated numerous demonstrators who fled to Germany with eye injuries after the nationwide protests in 2022 following the death of Jina Mahsa Amini, emphasized that the injured must be treated by specialists as quickly as possible.

“There are medical protocols in Iranian hospitals, and medical staff generally refrain from reporting cases that could later be used for criminal prosecution,” he said. “We already observed this during the Mahsa movement. Fortunately, medical staff are siding with the protesters.”

The latest wave of protests in Iran was triggered by a worsening economic crisis and rising inflation, quickly growing nationwide to encompass wider resistance to the authoritarian political system. The regime has responded with massive, brutal force.

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Rights group confirms over 5,000 killed during Iran protests

Le Monde –  A US-based rights group said Friday, January 23, it has confirmed the deaths of more than 5,000 people during protests that swept Iran, and that the vast majority were protesters targeted by security forces.

NGOs tracking the toll from the crackdown on the biggest protests in Iran in years have said their task has been impeded by the now two-week internet shutdown, warning that confirmed figures are likely to be far lower than the actual toll.

The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) said it had confirmed that 5,002 people had been killed, including 4,714 protesters, 42 minors, 207 members of the security forces and 39 bystanders. The group added it was still investigating another 9,787 possible fatalities. At least 26,852 people have been arrested, it said.

Giving their first official toll from the protests, Iranian authorities on Wednesday said 3,117 people were killed. The statement from Iran’s foundation for martyrs and veterans sought to draw a distinction between “martyrs,” who it said were members of security forces or innocent bystanders, and what it described as “rioters” backed by the United States. Of its toll of 3,117, it said 2,427 people were “martyrs.”

HRANA said that by issuing their own toll, the authorities had “attempted to solidify the government’s official narrative regarding the killings.” Another NGO, Norway-based Iran Human Rights (IHR), says it has documented at least 3,428 killings of protesters by the security forces and warned that the final toll risks reaching the scale of 25,000.

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Colorado Iranian activist calls for action from world leaders following “massacre of the people”

CBS News – Iranian leaders say weeks of protests against the Islamic Republic have largely subsided.

They describe the demonstrations as “riots” influenced by the United States and Israel.

Iranian state television says more than 3,000 people were killed during recent nationwide protests, but sources tell CBS News that number may actually be as high as 20,000 people.

“The question is, how many more people is the Islamic Republic willing to kill to stay in power?” asked Iranian immigrant and political activist Babak Behzadi.

Behzadi sees images on his phone of the Iran of today and the country looks a lot different than the one he grew up in.

“I saw Iran during the Shah, and Iran was very pro-Western. We were watching the cartoons growing up with ‘The Six Million Dollar Man’ show, and Iran was moving forward,” Behzadi said.

In 1979, the Islamic Republic took control of Iran following the Iranian Revolution.

“Then the theocratic government took over, and every value that we had, they were against,” Behzadi said. “It is a brutal, brutal government, repressive government.”

Behzadi says in the years that followed, he saw the rights of women and other groups under attack.

Behzadi left Iran when he was 16. Today, he advocates for his people from afar.

“Iranian people, I believe they deserve much more and much better,” Behzadi said.

Demonstrations sparked in late December by anger over economic hardship exploded into mass protests against Iran’s Islamic rulers.

“The slogans that they have, it’s regime change. When they say, ‘Death to the dictator,’ meaning that we don’t want this government,” Behzadi said.

Two weeks ago, Iranian authorities cut off phone service and internet access.

“There is no internet. Thus there is no witnesses. The massacre starts,” Behzadi said.

Behzadi hasn’t heard from his family in Iran since.

“I have two brothers, yes, but I have 90 million Iranians who are my family,” Behzadi said.

But he receives periodic updates and videos from activists in the country.

“They literally have taken people from the hospital to the streets and shot them,” Behzadi said. “One of my friends just called me yesterday, said our state, the province I come from 
 it looks like a war-torn city 
 and it is like that everywhere.”

Videos verified by CBS News show bodies of hundreds of people killed as security forces crack down on protests.

“This is massacre of the people. It hurts. And, you know, all we can do is let you guys know what’s happening,” Behzadi said.

Behzadi hopes leaders in Colorado and beyond will step in.

“People are angry. The whole nation is angry. But they also feel hopeless. I think the international community, to stop the atrocities, have to help them any which way they can,” Behzadi said. “I’m hoping at least the senators we have 
 (Sen. Michael) Bennet and (Sen. John) Hickenlooper, understand that neutrality in front of brutality is not balance. It’s silence. We need action from our representatives.”

President Trump said earlier this month that the U.S. wasn’t moving forward with military strikes against Iran for its treatment of protesters because the country’s regime assured him that executions had been “canceled.” He said more recently that “new leadership” in Iran is needed.

The Human Rights Activists News Agency reports more than 26,000 people have been arrested.

Monday, Iran’s national police chief said protesters who turn themselves in by Thursday would receive lighter punishment.

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Activists say they verified over 5,000 killed in Iran protests; Trump: ‘Armada’ headed to region

The Times of Israel – The death toll from Iran’s bloody crackdown on nationwide protests reached at least 5,002 people killed Friday, activists said, warning many more still were feared dead as the most comprehensive internet blackout in the country crossed the two-week mark.

The challenge in getting information out of Iran persists due to authorities cutting off access to the world through the internet on January 8, even as tensions rise between the United States and Iran as an American aircraft carrier group moves closer to the Middle East.

The US-based Human Rights Activists’ News Agency offered the toll, saying 4,716 were demonstrators, 203 were government-affiliated, 43 were children and 40 were civilians not taking part in the protests. It added that over 26,800 people had been detained in a widening arrest campaign by authorities.

The agency has been accurate in previous rounds of unrest in Iran and relies on a network of activists in Iran to verify deaths. Other groups have said the total death toll from the protests will be far higher.

Iran’s government offered its first death toll on Wednesday, saying 3,117 people were killed. It added that 2,427 of the dead in the demonstrations that began December 28 were civilians and security forces, with the rest being “terrorists.” Iran’s theocracy in the past has undercounted or not reported fatalities from unrest.

The Associated Press has been unable to independently assess the death toll, in part due to authorities cutting access to the internet and blocking international calls into the country. Iran also reportedly has limited the ability of journalists locally to report on the aftermath, instead repeatedly airing claims on state television that refer to demonstrators as “rioters” motivated by America and Israel, without offering evidence to support the allegation.

The new toll comes as tensions remain high over US President Donald Trump laying down two red lines over the protests — the killing of peaceful demonstrators and Tehran conducting mass executions. The US military has moved more military assets toward the Mideast, including the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln and associated warships traveling with it from the South China Sea.

A US Navy official, who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss military movements, said Thursday that the Lincoln strike group is currently in the Indian Ocean. One official said additional air-defense systems were also being eyed for the Middle East, which could be critical to guard against any Iranian strike on US bases in the region.

The deployments expand the options available to Trump, both to better defend US forces throughout the region at a moment of high tension and to take any additional military action after striking Iranian nuclear sites in June.

In the past, the US military has periodically surged forces to the Middle East at times of heightened tensions, moves that were often defensive. However, the US military staged a major buildup last year ahead of the June strikes.

In remarks on Thursday, Trump told reporters aboard Air Force One that the US is moving an “armada” of ships toward Iran “just in case” he wants to take action.

“We have a massive fleet heading in that direction and maybe we won’t have to use it,” Trump said. “I’d rather not see anything happen, but we’re watching them very closely.”

“At an hour before this horrible thing was going to take place, they canceled it,” he said, referring to the nearly 840 hangings that he claimed the Islamic Republic cancelled after his threats, calling it “a good sign.”

Trump also mentioned the multiple rounds of talks American officials had with Iran over its nuclear program prior to Israel launching the 12-day war against the Islamic Republic in June and the US bombing of Iranian nuclear sites. He threatened Iran with military action that would make the earlier US strikes against its uranium enrichment sites “look like peanuts.”

“They should have made a deal before we hit them,” Trump added.

“If they try to do it again, they have to go to another area. We’ll hit them there too, just as easily,” he said.

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Trump threatens Iran with US fleet as death toll rises

Deutsche Welle – US President Donald Trump renewed the threat of military action against Iran late Thursday as reports of rising death tolls from a brutal government crackdown on protests reach the outside world.

Trump delivered the threat while speaking with reporters aboard Air Force One on route to Washington from the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

“We have a massive fleet heading in that direction
 and maybe we won’t have to use it
 we have a lot of ships heading in that direction, just in case,” Trump said when speaking of a possible US reaction to ongoing unrest in the Islamic Republic.

“We’re watching Iran,” said Trump. “I’d rather not see anything happen but we’re watching them very closely.”

Trump had made similar threats before, while also urging Iranian protesters to take over Iranian institutions and pledging that “help is on its way.” But the tensions ebbed last week with the US president saying he had received word from Iran that “killing has stopped” and Tehran had no plans to execute detained protesters.

The Pentagon has not confirmed Trump’s statement about the US military fleet movements. However, the AP news agency reports the aircraft carrier group USS Abraham Lincoln and a fleet of associated vessels is currently in the Indian Ocean on its way to the Middle East from the South China Sea.

 

Iran internet and telephone blackout keeps death toll unknown

Iran was rocked by nationwide anti-government protests that began in late December and have yet to be entirely quelled; though the government’s brutal crackdown on dissenters has kept most Iranians at home, fearful of repression, arrest or death.

On January 8, Iranian government has decided to cut off all internet access and to block international phone use.

Internet monitor NetBlocks on Friday said that the blackout had now entered its third week.

The IT company Cloudflare said later Friday that nationwide data traffic when accessing websites has now reached around 30% of the usual level from before the blockade.

Limited or blocked communication has made it close to impossible to verify death tolls reported by various actors both inside and outside the country. On Wednesday, the Iranian government — which has a historical tendency to underreport the numbers of dead protesters — said 3,117 people had been killed, including security forces.

Death tolls put out by international rights groups have ranged from 4,500 to more than 20,000.

The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) — which has provided accurate numbers during previous unrest in Iran — said that over 5,000 people had been killed and more than 26,800 arrested.

That death toll exceeds all other protests or unrest in Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

HRANA noted that not all those killed had been protesters, with several innocent women and children among the dead.

“All the evidence gradually emerging from inside Iran shows that the real number of people killed in the protests is far higher than the official figure,” said Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam, director of the Norway-based NGO Iran Human Rights.

This organization reported verifying at least 3,428 deaths.

 

More arrests made as UN human rights chief urges end to ‘brutal repression’   

On Thursday, Iranian state television said that 200 further arrests had been made in western and southern provinces.

United Nations human rights chief Volker Turk urged Tehran on Friday to end its “brutal ⁠repression,” saying that children included the thousands killed.

“I call on the ‍Iranian authorities to reconsider, ​to ​pull back, and to end their brutal repression,” Turk told an emergency session of ‍the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva.

​He called the crackdown “a pattern of subjugation and ⁠overwhelming ​force that can never address people’s ‌grievances ‌and frustrations.”

The UN Human Rights Council also voted on Friday for a probe into human rights abuses in Iran. Twenty-five countries voted in favor of the motion with China, Pakistan and Iraq among the countries voting against the proposal.

 

Revolutionary Guard warns Israel, US that it has its ‘finger on the trigger’

Iran has accused Israel and the US of being behind the nationwide protest.

Iran’s Revolutionary Guard, labeled a terrorist entity by the US, Canada and Australia, has been accused of being on the frontline of the government crackdown.

On Thursday, the Iranian government, the army and the IRGC responded to Trump’s pressure campaign with warnings.

“The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and dear Iran have their finger on the trigger, more prepared than ever, ready to carry out the orders and measures of the supreme commander-in-chief,” said IRGC commander, General Mohammad Pakpour.

Pakpour advised the US and Israel to “avoid any miscalculations,” saying they would otherwise face a “painful and regrettable fate.”

General Ali Abdollahi Aliabadi, who runs Iran’s Joint Command Headquarters and is under US sanctions, said “all US interests, bases and centers of influence” would become “legitimate targets” in the event of a US attack.

Last June, Iran, Israel and the US sparred in a 12-day war that ended with US long-range bombers attacking nuclear enrichment facilities in the Islamic Republic.

Trump on Thursday said future US attacks would make those carried out last summer “look like peanuts.”

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